SpringDoc 基于 OpenAPI 3 规范,用于 SpringBoot 项目中 API 文档的生成和维护的工具类。
Swagger 一个开源的工具集,其中包括Swagger Editor、Swagger UI和Swagger Codegen等组件。Swagger工具集使用OpenAPI规范,可以生成、展示和测试基于OpenAPI规范的API文档,并提供了生成客户端代码的功能。
Knife4j 完全遵循了 Swagger2 的使用方式,同时还使用了 OpenAPI 3 规范,所以直接使用 Knife4j 就行。
SpringDoc 里使用的是 Swagger3 的注解,在 io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations 包里
swagger 2 | swagger 3 |
---|---|
@Api | @Tag |
@ApiIgnore | @Parameter(hidden = true) 或 @Operation(hidden = true) 或 @Hidden |
@ApiImplicitParam | @Parameter |
@ApiImplicitParams | @Parameters |
@ApiModel | @Schema |
@ApiModelProperty | @Schema |
@ApiOperation(value = “foo”, notes = “bar”) | @Operation(summary = “foo”, description = “bar”) |
@ApiParam | @Parameter |
@ApiResponse(code = 404, message = “foo”) | @ApiResponse(responseCode = “404”, description = “foo”) |
OpenAPI规范(中文版)
用于说明或定义的标签。
部分参数:
用于描述实体类属性的描述、示例、验证规则等,比如 POJO 类及属性。
部分参数:
内容注解。
部分参数:
代码示例
@RequestBody(content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class))) @PostMapping("/users") public void createUser(User user) { // ... }
某个元素(API 操作、实体类属性等)是否在 API 文档中隐藏。
如,getUserById 方法不会显示在 API 文档中
@Hidden @GetMapping("/users/{id}") public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { // ... }
代码参考:
使用在实体类字段中,实现对敏感信息或不需要公开的元素进行隐藏。如:用户密码字段
@Schema(description = "用户") public class User { @Schema(description = "用户id") private Long id; @Schema(description = "用户名") private String name; @Hidden @Schema(description = "用户密码") private String password; // ... }
描述 API 操作的元数据信息。常用于 controller 上
部分参数:
代码参考:
@Operation( summary = "操作摘要", description = "操作的详细描述", operationId = "operationId", tags = "tag1", parameters = { @Parameter(name = "param1", description = "参数1", required = true), @Parameter(name = "param2", description = "参数2", required = false) }, requestBody = @RequestBody( description = "请求描述", required = true, content = @Content( mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = RequestBodyModel.class) ) ), responses = { @ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "成功", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ResponseModel.class))), @ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "错误", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponseModel.class))) } ) @Tag(name = "标签1") @ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "成功", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ResponseModel.class))), @ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "錯誤", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponseModel.class))) }) public void yourOperation() { // 逻辑 }
用于描述 API 操作中的参数
部分参数:
代码参考:
@Operation(summary = "根据用户名查询用户列表") @GetMapping("/query/{username}") public ListqueryUserByName(@Parameter(name = "username", in = ParameterIn.PATH, description = "用户名", required = true) @PathVariable("username") String userName) { return new ArrayList<>(); }
包含多个 @Parameter 注解,指定多个参数。
代码参考:
包含了 param1 和 param2 两个参数
@Parameters({ @Parameter( name = "param1", description = "Parameter 1 description", required = true, in = ParameterIn.PATH, schema = @Schema(type = "string") ), @Parameter( name = "param2", description = "Parameter 2 description", required = true, in = ParameterIn.QUERY, schema = @Schema(type = "integer") ) })
API 请求的注解
API 的响应信息。
部分参数:
代码参考:
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "查询成功", content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class))) @ApiResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "查询失败") @GetMapping("/users/{id}") public ResponseEntitygetUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { // ... }
导入 SpringBoot、Knife4j 的相关包
1.8 UTF-8 UTF-8 4.1.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.7.12 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web org.springframework.boot spring-boot-devtools runtime true org.projectlombok lombok true org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test com.github.xiaoymin knife4j-openapi3-spring-boot-starter ${knife4j.version}
查看 knife4j 的目录结构,发现已集成 springdoc 和 swagger
@Tag(name = "用户", description = "用户实体类") @Data public class User { @Schema(name = "用户id", type = "long") private Long id; @Schema(name = "用户名", type = "long") private String name; @Schema(name = "密码", type = "password") private String password; }
在 controller 下新建 admin、front 两个包,用于后面的分组显示。
目录结构如下:
其中,UserController 结构如下:
package com.zeroing.controller.admin; import com.zeroing.entity.User; import com.zeroing.service.UserService; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.enums.ParameterIn; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Content; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") @Tag(name = "用户管理", description = "用户数据增删改查") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @GetMapping("/{id}") @Operation( summary = "根据ID,查询用户", parameters = { @Parameter(name = "id", required = true, in = ParameterIn.PATH) }, responses = { @ApiResponse(responseCode = "200",description = "成功",content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class))), @ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "错误", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json")) } ) public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) { return userService.getUserById(id); } }
可参考 knife4j 和 springdoc-openapi 文档进行个性化的参数配置。
knife4j 增强配置
springdoc-openapi 属性配置
# springdoc-openapi项目配置 springdoc: group-configs: - group: 后端管理接口 packages-to-scan: com.zeroing.controller.admin - group: 前端API接口 packages-to-scan: com.zeroing.controller.front # knife4j的增强配置,不需要增强可以不配 knife4j: enable: true setting: language: zh-CN
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Contact; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.License; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class SwaggerConfig { // 设置 openapi 基础参数 @Bean public OpenAPI customOpenAPI() { return new OpenAPI() .info(new Info() .title("SpringBoot API 管理") .contact(new Contact().name("N_007").email("xxxx@163.com").url("https://blog.csdn.net/N_007")) .version("1.0") .description( "SpringBoot 集成 Knife4j 示例") .license(new License().name("Apache 2.0"))); } }
4.启动项目
启动成功,访问 http://localhost:8080/doc.html
可以查看分组 API,在线测试API 等功能
使用步骤:
其他的就是多看 knife4j 和 springdoc-openapi 的文档。
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[2]: ChatGPT 3.5