目录
Python
一维列表转字符串
二维列表转字符串
多维列表转字符串
Golang
二维数组的遍历打印
Java
一维容器的直接打印
二维容器的直接打印
普通数组的转化
C++
一维容器的遍历
1. to_string()
2. stringstream
二维容器的遍历
简要小结
python语言中没有普通的数组,使用list类代替。转字符串非常方便,基本上所有的对象都有相应的内置方法__repr__()可以把obj转成对应的字串,对应的内置函数为 repr()。
>>> help(repr)
Help on built-in function repr in module builtins:
repr(obj, /)
Return the canonical string representation of the object.
For many object types, including most builtins, eval(repr(obj)) == obj.
示例:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4] >>> b = [[1, 2],[3, 4],[5, 6]] >>> c = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, [7,8,9]]] >>> repr(a) '[1, 2, 3, 4]' >>> repr(b) '[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]' >>> repr(c) '[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, [7, 8, 9]]]'
.join()方法 + 列表推导式(看作是简版的循环遍历):
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> "[" + ",".join(str(elem) for elem in a) + "]" '[1,2,3,4]'
更 Pythonic 的写法:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4] >>> ",".join(map(str,a)).join("[]") '[1,2,3,4]'
>>> b = [[1,2],[3,4]] >>> ",".join(",".join(map(str,a)).join("[]") for a in b).join("[]") '[[1,2],[3,4]]'
可以自定义一个递归函数来模拟__repr__()的实现:
>>> from typing import List >>> def List2Str(s): if not s: return '[]' pieces = [] for item in s: if isinstance(item, List): pieces.append(List2Str(item)) else: pieces.append(str(item)) return ','.join(pieces).join('[]') >>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> b = [[1, 2], [3, 4]] >>> c = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, [7, 8, 9]]] >>> List2Str(a) '[1,2,3,4]' >>> List2Str(b) '[[1,2],[3,4]]' >>> List2Str(c) '[[1,2],[3,4],[5,[7,8,9]]]'
对python来说,其实是不需要转换的,大可直接使用repr(), str(), print()来处理列表,也不用管列表元素是什么数据类型,非常省心。
go语言没有现成的list,vector容器类,只有数组和切片,可以被直接打印,但是用空格分隔的:
package main import "fmt" func main() { a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4} b := [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6, 7}} fmt.Println(a) fmt.Println(b) }
输出:
[1 2 3 4]
[[1 2] [3 4] [5 6 7]]
非要用逗号分隔,用strings.ReplaceAll()来替换,这种方法可以用在任意维数组上。
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4} b := [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6, 7}} str := strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprint(a), " ", ",") fmt.Println(str) str = strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprint(b), " ", ",") fmt.Println(str) }
输出:
[1,2,3,4]
[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6,7]]
对于一维数组,也有类似python中.join()方法:
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4} str := strings.Join(strings.Fields(fmt.Sprint(a)), ",") fmt.Println(str) }
package main import "fmt" func ArrayToString(arr []int) string { res := "[" for i := 0; i < len(arr); i++ { res += fmt.Sprint(arr[i]) //对[]int数组可以用strconv.Itoa(arr[i]) if i != len(arr)-1 { res += "," } } return res + "]" } func main() { arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} fmt.Println(ArrayToString(arr)) }
package main import "fmt" func Array2DToString(array [][]int) string { if len(array) == 0 { return "[]" } arr2str := func(arr []int) string { res := "[" for i, ar := range arr { res += fmt.Sprint(ar) if i != len(arr)-1 { res += "," } } return res + "]" } res := "[" for i, arr := range array { res += arr2str(arr) if i != len(array)-1 { res += "," } } return res + "]" } func main() { arr := [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6, 7}} fmt.Println(Array2DToString(arr)) }
或者:
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func Array2DToString(array [][]int) string { if len(array) == 0 { return "[]" } arr2str := func(arr []int) string { res := "[" for i := 0; i < len(arr); i++ { res += fmt.Sprint(arr[i]) if i != len(arr)-1 { res += "," } } return res + "]" } res := make([]string, len(array)) for i, arr := range array { res[i] = arr2str(arr) } return strings.Join(strings.Fields(fmt.Sprint(res)), ",") } func main() { arr := [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6, 7}} fmt.Println(Array2DToString(arr)) }
以上示例代码输出的都是紧凑形式[1,2,3,4],喜欢有空格如[1, 2, 3, 4],可以在以上代码中用", "代替","。
java的数据类型超级丰富,甚至可以说是泛滥成灾了。容器类可以直接打印,普通数组不行:
import java.util.*; public class main { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] a = {1, 2, 3, 4}; System.out.println(a); Integer[] b = {1, 2, 3, 4}; System.out.println(b); Listc = Arrays.asList(b); System.out.println(c); Vector d = new Vector<>(c); System.out.println(d); } }
输出:
[I@123a439b
[Ljava.lang.Integer;@7de26db8
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
import java.util.*; public class main { public static void main(String[] args) { Integer[][] arrays = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}; List> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (Integer[] array1D : arrays) { list.add(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(array1D))); } Vector
> vector = new Vector<>(); for (Integer[] array1D : arrays) { vector.add(new Vector<>(Arrays.asList(array1D))); } System.out.println(list); System.out.println(vector); } }
输出:
[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
也非常方便,有现成的Arrays.toString()函数可用,二维及以上数组则要用deepToString()。不需要循环遍历就能实现,如需要的话请参考上面go语言中的遍历实现方法。
import java.util.*; public class main { public static void main(String[] args) { Integer[] array1D = {1, 2, 3, 4}; Integer[][] array2D = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}; int[][][] array3D = {{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, {{11, 12}, {13, 14}}}; String str1 = Arrays.toString(array1D); String str2 = Arrays.deepToString(array2D); String str3 = Arrays.deepToString(array3D); System.out.println(str1); System.out.println(str2); System.out.println(str3); } }
输出:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
[[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[11, 12], [13, 14]]]
C++98开始有vector容器,但在C++中容器和数组都不能被直接打印。
遍历方法与golang中的基本相同:
#include#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; string str = "["; for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) { str += to_string(v[i]); if (i != v.size() - 1) { str += ", "; } } str += "]"; cout << str << endl; return 0; }
#include#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; stringstream ss; ss << "["; for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) { ss << v[i]; if (i != v.size() - 1) { ss << ", "; } } ss << "]"; cout << ss.str() << endl; return 0; }
数组也能直接遍历,或者先把 array转vector 再遍历:
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; std::vectorvec(std::begin(arr), std::end(arr));
#include#include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector > vec2d = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}; stringstream ss; ss << "["; for (int i = 0; i < vec2d.size(); ++i) { ss << "["; for (int j = 0; j < vec2d[i].size(); ++j) { ss << vec2d[i][j] << ", "; } ss.seekp(-2, ios_base::end); //省掉判断:j==vec2d[i].size()-1 ss << "], "; } ss.seekp(-2, ios_base::end); //省掉判断:i==vec2d.size()-1 ss << "]"; cout << ss.str() << endl; return 0; }
使用copy()省掉for循环:
#include#include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec1d = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; copy(vec1d.begin(), vec1d.end(), ostream_iterator (cout, " ")); cout << endl; stringstream ss; ss << "["; copy(vec1d.begin(), vec1d.end(), ostream_iterator (ss, ",")); ss.seekp(-1, ios_base::end); ss << "]"; cout << ss.str() << endl; return 0; }
都写成转换函数:
#include#include #include #include #include using namespace std; string VectorToString(vector vec, string sep = ",") { stringstream ss; ss << "["; copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), ostream_iterator (ss, sep.c_str())); ss.seekp(-(int)sep.size(), ios_base::end); ss << "]"; return ss.str(); } string Vector2dToString(vector > vec2d, string sep = ",") { stringstream ss; ss << "["; for (int i = 0; i < vec2d.size(); ++i) { ss << "["; copy(vec2d[i].begin(), vec2d[i].end(), ostream_iterator (ss, sep.c_str())); ss.seekp(-(int)sep.size(), ios_base::end); ss << "]" << sep; } ss.seekp(-(int)sep.size(), ios_base::end); ss << "]"; return ss.str(); } int main() { vector vec1d = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; vector > vec2d = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}; cout << VectorToString(vec1d) << endl; cout << Vector2dToString(vec2d) << endl; cout << VectorToString(vec1d, ", ") << endl; cout << Vector2dToString(vec2d, ", ") << endl; return 0; }
输出:
[1,2,3,4,5]
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
本文主要介绍了在 Python、Golang、Java 和 C++ 这些常见的编程语言中,数组/容器转化为字符串的方法。
在 Python 中,可以通过 for 循环或者列表推导式来遍历数组或列表,并通过 join() 方法将其转化为字符串。
在 Golang 中,可以使用 for 循环或 range 关键字和切片操作符进行一维和二维数组的遍历,并通过 fmt 包中的 Sprintf() 函数将其转化为字符串。
在 Java 中,可以使用 foreach 循环进行一维和二维数组的遍历,并使用 Arrays.toString() 函数将一维数组转化为字符串,使用 Arrays.deepToString() 函数将二维数组转化为字符串。
在 C++ 中,可以使用 for 循环、迭代器和 range 循环等多种方法进行一维和二维容器的遍历,并通过 std::to_string() 函数和 std::stringstream 类将容器转化为字符串。