Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯搭建+监控MySQL
作者:mmseoamin日期:2023-12-18

Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯搭建+监控MySQL


一,Prometheus

1.什么是Prometheus?

​ Prometheus 是 Cloud Native Computing Foundation 的一个监控系统项目, 集采集、监控、报警等特点于一体。

​ Prometheus主要受启发于Google的Brogmon监控系统, 从2012年开始由前Google工程师在Soundcloud以开源软件的形式进行研发,2017年底发布了基于全新存储层的2.0版本,当前最新版本是2.44.0版本。

2.Prometheus架构

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3.prometheus具有那些特点?
  • 多维数据模型(由指标名称、键/值组合的时间序列);
  • 提供了一种强大而灵活的查询语言promsql;
  • 没有对分布式存储的依赖,单个服务器节点是自主的;
  • 主要支持时间序列集合的HTTP拉模模型,同时也提供PushGateway来满足;
  • 服务发现;
  • 自带UI,支持丰富多种图形和仪表板,还能与其他;
  • 支持分层和水平联合;

    二,Prometheus搭建

    IP角色
    192.168.2.4prometheus服务器端
    192.168.2.3node_exporter客户端
    1.二进制安装Prometheus
    [root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.44.0/prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@server ~]# tar zxf prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@server ~]# mv prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus
    
    1.查看版本号
    [root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/prometheus/
    [root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --version
    prometheus, version 2.44.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 1ac5131f698ebc60f13fe2727f89b115a41f6558)
      build user:       root@739e8181c5db
      build date:       20230514-06:18:11
      go version:       go1.20.4
      platform:         linux/amd64
      tags:             netgo,builtinassets,stringlabels
    
    2.查看帮助文档
    [root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --help
    
    2.prometheus.yml配置解释
    # my global config
    global:
      # 默认情况下,每15s拉取一次目标采样点数据。
      scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
      # 每15秒评估一次规则。默认值为每1分钟。
      evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    # Alertmanager configuration
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    rule_files:
      # - "first_rules.yml"
      # - "second_rules.yml"
    # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
    # Here it's Prometheus itself.
    scrape_configs:
      # job名称会增加到拉取到的所有采样点上,同时还有一个instance目标服务的host:port标签也会增加到采样点上
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
        # 覆盖global的采样点,拉取时间间隔5s
        scrape_interval: 5s
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']
    
    3.升级为系统服务
    # 启动服务
    cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
    vi prometheus.service
    [Unit]
      Description=https://prometheus.io
      
      [Service]
      Restart=on-failure
      ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090
      [Install]                      
      WantedBy=multi-user.target
    #保存退出
    

    其他选项解释:

    常用选项解释:
    # 指定配置文件
    --config.file="prometheus.yml"
    # 默认指定监听地址端口,可修改端口
    --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090" 
    # 最大连接数
    --web.max-connections=512
    # tsdb数据存储的目录,默认当前data/
    --storage.tsdb.path="data/"
    # premetheus 存储数据的时间,默认保存15天
    --storage.tsdb.retention=15d 
    # 通过命令热加载无需重启 curl -XPOST 192.168.2.45:9090/-/reload
    --web.enable-lifecycle
    # 可以启用 TLS 或 身份验证 的配置文件的路径
    --web.config.file=""
    启动选项了解:./prometheus --help
    
    4.刷新system文件,启动
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start prometheus
    
    5.访问测试

    IP:9090

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    三,客户端node_exporter搭建

    1.监控目的Linux安装node_exporter
    [root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@server ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/
    [root@server ~]# mv node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter
    
    2.添加为系统服务
    [root@server ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
    [Unit]
    Description=node_exporter
    After=network.target 
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    # 启动node_exporter
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start node_exporter
    
    3.prometheus服务器端添加监控项
    [root@server prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
    # my global config
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
      evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    # Alertmanager configuration
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    rule_files:
    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9090']
      - job_name: 'linux'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9100','192.168.2.3:9100'] # 多个用,分开
    # 添加上面三行
    
    4.重启系统普罗米修斯
    [root@server ~]#  systemctl restart prometheus.service
    
    5.监控界面

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    四,监控MySQL

    1.安装mysqld-exporter

    [root@VM_2-44 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@VM_2-44 ~]# tar xf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local]# mv mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# vi .my.cnf
    [client]
    host=192.168.2.3
    user=root
    password=123456
    port=3306
    

    2.启动mysqld-exporter服务

    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf="/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf" &
    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ps -ef |grep exporter
    root       3447   3398  0 01:31 pts/1    00:00:02 ./node_exporter
    root       4647   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
    root       4654   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto exporter
    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ss -lntp |grep 4647
    LISTEN     0      128         :::9104                    :::*                   users:(("mysqld_exporter",pid=4647,fd=3))
    [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# 
    # 启动后会监听9104端口
    

    3.普罗米修斯配置文件添加监控项

    [root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# vi prometheus.yml 
      - job_name: 'mysql'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.2.3:9104']
    

    4.重启普罗米修斯

    [root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
    

    5.查看状态

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    五,grafana展示prometheus数据

    1.在prometheus安装grafana
    wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/Packages/grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
    [root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install initscripts fontconfig
    [root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install -y grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
    [root@VM_2-45 ~]# systemctl start grafana-server.service 
    
    2.访问grafana
    启动后访问地址:ip:3000
    初始用户名和密码都是admin
    
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    3.添加Prometheus数据源
    Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> Prometheus
    

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    ​ 添加prometheus服务器

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    4.添加dashboard Linux基础数据展示

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    ​ 导入模板8919

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    ​ 选择数据源

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    5.查看dashboard
    Dashboards ->Manage
    

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    六,grafana展示MySQL信息

    1.设置数据源
    Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> MySQL
    

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    2.数据库上授权用户

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    3.导入下载的dashboard,数据源现在刚刚创建的
    https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GBzogDLsYS3IvwH4WbdPLw 提取码:ef6e
    

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    4.查看效果

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