一.nginx简介
1.简介
2.特性
二.nginx安装
1.rpm包方式
(1)下载扩展源
(2)安装扩展rpm包,nginx -V查看配置参数,后面源码安装时要用到
(3)默认的配置文件位置和html存放位置
2.源码方式
(1)建议提前下好所需要的部分包
(2)下载tar.gz包
(3)建议将包解压到/usr/local/src下,执行configure文件
(4)安装好上面需要的包,继续执行第一步
(5)一直到这步,configure文件就执行好了
(6)make,make install编译安装
三.nginx部分目录结构
1.conf目录
2.html目录
四.nginx配置文件说明
五.配置nginx的service管理
1.切换到service配置目录
2.编辑nginx.service文件
3.创建nginx用户
4.启动测试
(1)我的开始报了这两个问题
(2)开启/关闭
(3)测试页面
nginx是一个轻量级的网页服务器、方向代理服务器和电子邮件代理服务器,具有配置灵活、静态资源高并发、系统资源占用少、拥有缓存服务等优点。
(1)对于静态资源,高速,高并发访问和缓存,支持htto相应速率限制
(2)支持使用反向代理加速,缓存数据
(3)可实现负载均衡和节点健康检查
(4)支持FastCGI,SCGI,Memcached Servers等服务的急速和缓存
(5)支持基于域名、端口、IP的虚拟主机站点代理,可以进行访问控制
(6)支持Keep-alive和pipelined连接
(7)在代码上线时可以平滑重启,不影响基本功能
(8)可以对日志进行格式自定义、临时缓冲、快速轮训和rsyslog处理
(9)支持信号控制nginx进程
(10)支持url重写和正则表达式匹配
(11)支持PUT、DELETE、MKCOL、COPY、MOVE等特殊http请求方法
(12)支持邮件服务代理
前提要卸载或关闭apache的httpd,nginx的默认监听端口也是80
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop httpd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8)
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1S4GUc4gDtqM_oBrKABT1uA
提取码:ytd1
[root@localhost ~]# yum install https://nginx.org/packages/centos/7Server/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-debuginfo-1.22.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx-1.22.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm -y [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx [root@localhost ~]# curl localhost hello [root@localhost ~]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.22.0 [root@localhost ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.22.0 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
默认nginx.conf位置"/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
默认采用引用"/etc/nginx/conf.d"下的default.conf文件这种方式
默认的html文件存放位置"/usr/share/nginx/html"
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql nginx /etc/logrotate.d/nginx /etc/nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params /etc/nginx/mime.types /etc/nginx/modules /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/scgi_params /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /usr/lib64/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx/modules /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx-debug /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.22.0 /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.22.0/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/nginx/html /usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html /var/cache/nginx /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# pwd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0 [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/etc/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-compat \ --with-file-aio \ --with-threads \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_auth_request_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_random_index_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_secure_link_module \ --with-http_slice_module \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_v2_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --with-stream \ --with-stream_realip_module \ --with-stream_ssl_module \ --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \ --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' \ --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie' #弹出来缺什么就安装它的开发包(devel)
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# yum install -y pcre-devel [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/etc/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-compat \ --with-file-aio \ --with-threads \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_auth_request_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_random_index_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_secure_link_module \ --with-http_slice_module \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_v2_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --with-stream \ --with-stream_realip_module \ --with-stream_ssl_module \ --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \ --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' \ --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# yum install -y openssl-devel [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/etc/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-compat \ --with-file-aio \ --with-threads \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_auth_request_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_random_index_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_secure_link_module \ --with-http_slice_module \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_v2_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --with-stream \ --with-stream_realip_module \ --with-stream_ssl_module \ --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \ --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' \ --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# make [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# make install [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.22.0 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
安装完成
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# ll total 804 drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 326 Aug 9 19:25 auto -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 317070 May 24 2022 CHANGES -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 484445 May 24 2022 CHANGES.ru drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 168 Aug 9 20:30 conf -rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2590 May 24 2022 configure drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 72 Aug 9 19:25 contrib drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 40 Aug 9 19:25 html # Nginx 的默认站点目录 -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 May 24 2022 LICENSE -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 387 Aug 9 19:49 Makefile drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 21 Aug 9 19:25 man drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 174 Aug 9 20:26 objs -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 May 24 2022 README drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 91 Aug 9 19:25 src [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# pwd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0 [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# tree conf conf ├── fastcgi.conf # fastcgi 相关参数的配置文件 ├── fastcgi_params # fastcgi 的参数文件 ├── koi-utf ├── koi-win ├── mime.types # 媒体类型 ├── nginx.conf # Nginx默认的主配置文件 ├── scgi_params ├── uwsgi_params └── win-utf 0 directories, 9 files
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# tree html html ├── 50x.html # 错误页面替代显示文件,出现错误时调用这个页面 └── index.html # 默认的首页文件, 在实际环境中,一般用index.html、 index.php或index.jsp来做
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf #rpm包在这个文件,源码安装的配置文件是/usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/conf/nginx.conf user nginx; #用户 worker_processes auto; #主模块命令,指定bnginx要开启的进程数,一般指定一个,如果cpu多多和,则和cpu数量一致即可 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #主模块命令,全局错误日志,debug(最详细),info,notice,warn,error,crit(最简略) pid /var/run/nginx.pid; #主模块命令,指定进程id的存储文件位置 #events指定设定nginx的工作模式和连接上限 events { #use 模式 (事件模块指令,放在events中指定nginx的工作模式,select-标准工作模式,poll-标准工作模式,kqueue-BDS系统高效工作模式,epoll-Linux平台首选高效工作模式,rtsig,/dev/poll) worker_connections 1024; #事件模块指令,定义每个进程的最大连接数,默认1024,max_client客户端连接数=worker_processes*worker_connections,max_clients=worker_processes*worker_connections/4,当然这些设置也受文件系统打开数量限制,执行名“ulimit -n 65535”后生效 } #http服务配置 http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; #include主模块命令,include配置文件 default_type application/octet-stream; #http核心模块指令,octet-stream默认二进制流 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #高效传输模式 #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #超时时间 server { #server 区块 listen 80; #端口 server_name localhost; #域名 location / { #location区块,可以写多个 root html; #站点目录,路径不定,按我的源码安装方式那就在/usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/html index index.html index.htm; #首页文件 } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #错误信息配置 location = /50x.html { #html文件位置 root html; #路径 } } #gzip on; #是否开启压缩 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@localhost system]# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx #查找出来的路径稍后会用到
[root@localhost system]# vim nginx.service [Unit] Description=nginx - high performance web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/conf/nginx.conf #指定你刚才查到的目录和你的nginx配置文件 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/conf/nginx.conf #同上 ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload #重载配置
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed(第三步没做或没成功就会报没有nginx,重新执行即可)
解决:
[root@localhost conf]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)(没有这个目录)
解决:
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# mkdir /var/cache/nginx/client_temp -pv mkdir: created directory ‘/var/cache/nginx’ mkdir: created directory ‘/var/cache/nginx/client_temp’
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx ● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-08-10 10:58:35 CST; 4min 2s ago Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Process: 51071 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 51079 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 51076 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 51080 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─51080 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0/c... └─51081 nginx: worker process Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web..... Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain nginx[51076]: nginx: the configuration file /usr/l...k Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain nginx[51076]: nginx: configuration file /usr/local...l Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web ...r. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop nginx [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx ● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Aug 10 10:54:04 localhost.localdomain nginx[50815]: nginx: configuration file /usr/local...l Aug 10 10:54:04 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web ...r. Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping nginx - high performance web..... Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped nginx - high performance web ...r. Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web..... Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain nginx[51076]: nginx: the configuration file /usr/l...k Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain nginx[51076]: nginx: configuration file /usr/local...l Aug 10 10:58:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web ...r. Aug 10 11:02:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping nginx - high performance web..... Aug 10 11:02:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped nginx - high performance web ...r. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
将nginx.conf此处改为绝对路径
[root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# echo nihao > html/index.html [root@localhost nginx-1.22.0]# curl localhost nihao