目录
前言
一、仓库安装
二、本地安装
三、容器安装
四、源码安装
博主的配置信息:
Windows版本:Win10
VMware虚拟机版本:Vmware Workstation Pro 17
Linux版本:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.1
MySQL版本:MySQL Community Server 8.0.32
保证Linux的正常联网以及配置yum仓库。
可以在MySQL官网地址:https://www.mysql.com/ 上获取到正规的MySQL。
MySQL 常见版本:
MySQL数据库存在多种版本,不同的版本在不同的平台上(OS,也就是操作系统上)安装方式可能有所不同,因此安装时最好参照官方文档进行安装。https://dev.mysql.com/doc/
下面记录了博主在Linux上通过仓库安装、本地安装、容器安装、源码安装四种不同的方式安装MySQL的过程:
仓库安装就是在官方仓库或本地仓库、网络仓库中,用yum方式安装。推荐使用官方仓库。博主认为仓库安装相比其他安装方式来说是最方便的。
获取MySQL仓库的网站:https://repo.mysql.com/
[root@forDB ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.1 (Plow) [root@forDB ~]# rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm [root@forDB ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 20 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 218 Feb 7 20:40 aliyum-9.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 951 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community-debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 827 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 871 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community-source.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 358 Feb 7 20:41 redhat.repo [root@forDB ~]# yum install mysql-server -y [root@forDB ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 [root@forDB ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@forDB ~]# systemctl status mysqld # MySQL8.0.32版本第一次登录需要临时密码,在mysqld.log文件中 [root@forDB ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-02-09T12:46:59.105801Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;/pZjo)lV8>B [root@forDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p';/pZjo)lV8>B' # 登录之后必须先修改用户密码,不然无法正常使用mysql。默认密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符,并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。 mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!'; # 此时就可以正常使用mysql了 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
卸载MySQL:
[root@forDB ~]# yum remove mysql-server -y [root@forDB ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [root@forDB ~]# yum remove mysql80-community-release.noarch -y # 删除相关文件,以防再次安装产生冲突 [root@forDB ~]# rm -rf /var/log/mysqld.log /var/lib/mysql/
本地安装就是下载MySQL的捆绑包到本地,然后解包安装。
捆绑包地址:https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
或在 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 中获取对应操作系统的捆绑包(这不能在Linux中下载,只能先下载到Windows上再传到Linux上)
[root@forDB ~]# mkdir mysql [root@forDB ~]# cd mysql/ [root@forDB mysql]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [root@forDB mysql]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [root@forDB mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \ > mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \ > mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \ > mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \ > mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \ > mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm [root@forDB mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service [root@forDB mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service [root@forDB mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-02-09T13:52:16.691395Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: d+41ucpK_)IN [root@forDB mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!'; mysql> show databases; mysql> exit
卸载MySQL:
[root@forDB mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64 [root@forDB mysql]# rpm -evh mysql-community-client-plugins \ > mysql-community-common \ > mysql-community-libs \ > mysql-community-client \ > mysql-community-icu-data-files \ > mysql-community-server [root@forDB mysql]# rm -rf /var/log/mysqld.log /var/lib/mysql/
本地安装的缺点就是安装时的依赖很烦人,卸载时也比较麻烦。我的评价是不如仓库安装。
容器安装方式首先要安装容器,再在容器上安装MySQL。
#删除之前的容器 [root@forDB ~]# yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine #安装容器的依赖包 [root@forDB ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 #添加阿里云的容器仓库 [root@forDB ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #更改仓库文件中的下载网站为阿里云的网站,因为国内的网站会快一些 [root@forDB ~]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo #安装docker-ce,这里要用--allowerasing选项来替换rhel9中冲突的软件包 [root@forDB ~]# yum install docker-ce --allowerasing -y [root@forDB ~]# systemctl start docker [root@forDB ~]# systemctl status docker [root@forDB ~]# docker version #测试docker能否正常运行 [root@forDB ~]# docker run hello-world #安装mysql [root@forDB ~]# docker run --name mysqltest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql #查看容器信息 [root@forDB ~]# docker ps #为mysqltest建立一个bash接口 [root@forDB ~]# docker exec -it mysqltest /bin/bash #登录测试 bash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye bash-4.4# exit exit [root@forDB ~]#
登录时也可以用主机直接连容器的MySQL:
#安装一个MySQL的客户端 [root@forDB ~]# yum install mysql -y #查看容器的ip [root@forDB ~]# docker inspect mysqltest ... "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", ... #连接容器的MySQL [root@forDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 172.17.0.2 mysql>
源码安装最为费时费力,但用源码安装的软件是最适合本机器的。
MySQL源码安装可以参考官方文档:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/installing-source-distribution.html
MySQL8.0.32源码压缩包地址:https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz
也可在官网手动下载压缩包,再传到Linux上:
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
[root@server ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz #添加mysql系统用户和组 [root@server ~]# groupadd mysql [root@server ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql #解压解包,生成了mysql-8.0.32的文件,这就是源码包的所有内容 [root@server ~]# tar xvf mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz #安装编译器 [root@server ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake -y #安装编译过程中需要的库 [root@server ~]# yum install gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64 rpcgen git -y [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm #创建一个编译目录 [root@server ~]# cd mysql-8.0.32/ [root@server mysql-8.0.32]# mkdir bld [root@server mysql-8.0.32]# cd bld #准备编译 [root@server bld]# cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=../boost/boost_1_77_0 #开始编译(建议将虚拟机内存调整为至少4G,以提高编译速度) [root@server bld]# make ########该过程很久,大概两三个小时,请耐心等待 #编译完成后,开始安装 [root@server bld]# make install #安装好的文件在/usr/local/mysql中 [root@server bld]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ #创建一个存储数据文件的目录 [root@server mysql]# mkdir mysql-files #修改所属者和所属组 [root@server mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files/ #修改权限 [root@server mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files/ #初始化数据库(临时密码在最后的输出中:dU/sA5uleFrk) [root@server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 2023-02-10T14:59:13.708471Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dU/sA5uleFrk #开启数据库的ssl加密功能 [root@server mysql]# ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup #启动mysqld服务 [root@server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #mysqld_safe防止误杀mysql服务,&表示后台运行 #用初始化产生的临时密码登录mysql [root@server mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -pdU/sA5uleFrk mysql> #更改密码 mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!'; mysql> exit 大功告成!
#停止mysql服务 [root@server mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -pAdmin123! shutdown
#若想用systemctl命令快捷启动mysql,可以操作如下: [root@server mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server (若没有init.d文件,可以yum install chkconfig -y,就有了) [root@server mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@server mysql]# systemctl start mysql [root@server mysql]# systemctl status mysql [root@server mysql]# systemctl stop mysql
over~