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Spring Cloud Alibaba 致力于提供微服务开发的一站式解决方案。此项目包含开发分布式应用微服务的必需组件,方便开发者通过Spring Cloud编程模型轻松使用这些组件来开发分布式应用服务。
依托Spring Cloud Alibaba ,只需要添加一些注解和少量配置,就可以将Spring Cloud应用接入阿里微服务解决方案,通过阿里中间件来迅速搭建分布式应用系统。
我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用:客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求,在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者,把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

在这种场景下,订单微服务就是一个服务消费者,商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
创建一个maven工程,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
4.0.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.1.3.RELEASE it.aq.cheetah microservice 1.0-SNAPSHOT pom 1.8 8 8 UTF-8 UTF-8 Greenwich.RELEASE 2.1.0.RELEASE org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-dependencies ${spring-cloud.version} pom import 
版本对应:

在pom.xml中添加依赖
4.0.0 it.aq.cheetah microservice 1.0-SNAPSHOT shop-common 8 8 UTF-8 com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter 3.5.0 org.projectlombok lombok 1.18.26 com.alibaba fastjson 1.2.83 mysql mysql-connector-java 8.0.31 
//用户信息
@Data
@TableName(value = "shop_user")
public class ShopUser {
    @TableId(value = "id",type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;//主键
    @TableField("username")
    private String username;//用户名
    @TableField("password")
    private String password;//密码
    @TableField("telephone")
    private String telephone;//手机号
}
//商品信息
@Data
@TableName(value = "shop_product")
public class ShopProduct {
    @TableId(value = "id",type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;//主键
    @TableField("pname")
    private String pname;//商品名称
    @TableField("pprice")
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    @TableField("stock")
    private Integer stock;//库存
}
//订单信息
@Data
@TableName(value = "shop_order")
public class ShopOrder {
    @TableId(value = "id",type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;//订单id
    @TableField("uid")
    private Long uid;//用户id
    @TableField("username")
    private String username;//用户名
    @TableField("pid")
    private Long pid;//商品id
    @TableField("pname")
    private String pname;//商品名称
}
 
新建一个shop-user模块,然后进行下面操作
4.0.0 it.aq.cheetah microservice 1.0-SNAPSHOT shop-user it.aq.cheetah shop-common 1.0-SNAPSHOT 
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args);
    }
}
 
server:
  port: 8071
#数据库配置
spring:
  application:
    name: shop-user
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/microservice?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456
  #模板引擎配置
  thymeleaf:
    encoding: UTF-8
    #suffix: .html  默认后缀
    #prefix: classpath:/templates/  默认前缀
mybatis-plus:
  # 配置mapper的扫描,找到所有的mapper.xml映射文件
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
  # 加载全局的配置文件
  config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
  # 搜索指定包别名
  typeAliasesPackage: it.aq.cheetah.**.entity
 
添加 springboot 依赖
4.0.0 it.aq.cheetah microservice 1.0-SNAPSHOT shop-product org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web it.aq.cheetah shop-common 1.0-SNAPSHOT 
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args);
    }
}
 
server:
  port: 8081
#数据库配置
spring:
  application:
    name: shop-product
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/microservice?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456
  #模板引擎配置
  thymeleaf:
    encoding: UTF-8
    #suffix: .html  默认后缀
    #prefix: classpath:/templates/  默认前缀
mybatis-plus:
  # 配置mapper的扫描,找到所有的mapper.xml映射文件
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
  # 加载全局的配置文件
  config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
  # 搜索指定包别名
  typeAliasesPackage: it.aq.cheetah.**.entity
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private IProductservice productService;
    /**
     * @Description:查询商品信息
     * @Author: cheetah
     * @Date: 2024/1/22 9:40
     * @param id:
     * @return: it.aq.cheetah.entity.ShopProduct
     **/
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ShopProduct product(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        ShopProduct product = productService.findByPid(id);
        log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }
    /**
     * @Description:扣减库存
     * @Author: cheetah
     * @Date: 2024/1/22 9:40
     * @param productReduceDTO:
     * @return: it.aq.cheetah.entity.ShopProduct
     **/
    @PostMapping("/reduceStock")
    public Integer reduceStock(@RequestBody ProductReduceDTO productReduceDTO) {
        return productService.reduceStock(productReduceDTO);
    }
}
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements IProductservice {
    @Autowired
    private ProductMapper productMapper;
    @Override
    public ShopProduct findByPid(Long pid) {
        return productMapper.selectById(pid);
    }
    @Override
    public Integer reduceStock(ProductReduceDTO productReduceDTO) {
        ShopProduct shopProduct = productMapper.selectById(productReduceDTO.getProductId());
        Integer stock = shopProduct.getStock();
        if(stock < productReduceDTO.getReductCount()){
            throw new RuntimeException("库存不足,请联系管理员增加库存");
        }
        shopProduct.setStock(stock-productReduceDTO.getReductCount());
        return productMapper.updateById(shopProduct);
    }
}
@Mapper
public interface ProductMapper extends BaseMapper {}
  
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

添加 springboot 依赖
4.0.0 it.aq.cheetah microservice 1.0-SNAPSHOT shop-order org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web it.aq.cheetah shop-common 1.0-SNAPSHOT 
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
    }
}
 
server:
  port: 8091
#数据库配置
spring:
  application:
    name: shop-order
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/microservice?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456
  #模板引擎配置
  thymeleaf:
    encoding: UTF-8
    #suffix: .html  默认后缀
    #prefix: classpath:/templates/  默认前缀
mybatis-plus:
  # 配置mapper的扫描,找到所有的mapper.xml映射文件
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
  # 加载全局的配置文件
  config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
  # 搜索指定包别名
  typeAliasesPackage: it.aq.cheetah.**.entity
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private IOrderService orderService;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @GetMapping("/{pid}")
    public ShopOrder order(@PathVariable("pid") Long pid) {
        log.info("客户下单,这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息。。。");
        ShopProduct shopProduct = restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:8081/product/" + pid, ShopProduct.class);
        log.info("当前用户信息为自己,假设我们设置为1");
        ShopOrder shopOrder = new ShopOrder();
        shopOrder.setUid(1L);
        shopOrder.setUsername("公众号:阿Q说代码");
        shopOrder.setPid(shopProduct.getId());
        shopOrder.setPname(shopProduct.getPname());
        orderService.save(shopOrder);
        //商品扣减库存的逻辑
        ProductReduceDTO productReduceDTO = new ProductReduceDTO();
        productReduceDTO.setProductId(pid);
        productReduceDTO.setReductCount(1);
        Integer count = restTemplate.postForObject("http://127.0.0.1:8081/product/reduceStock", productReduceDTO, Integer.class);
        return shopOrder;
    }
}
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements IOrderService {}
@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper {}
   
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
    }
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
 
同时启动商品服务和订单服务,执行http://127.0.0.1:8091/order/1完成后,查看数据库数据


到这儿,我们的微服务搭建基本完成了。接下来的文章,我们将继续完善我们的微服务系统,集成更多的Alibaba组件。让我们期待下一篇的文章吧!想要了解更多JAVA后端知识,请点击文末名片与我交流吧。留下您的一键三连,让我们在这个寒冷的东西互相温暖吧!
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