说在前头,文本主要参考:
SpringBoot+WebSocket+Netty实现消息推送
Netty-11-channelHandler的生命周期
springboot整合netty指北
首先需要了解下channel建立的生命周期
ChannelHandler的顺序如下:
handlerAdded() –> channelRegistered() –> channelActive() –> channelRead() –> channelReadComplete()
注意本次实现的重点是:在建立websocket时从请求标头header或者第一次消息对话时获取用户信息(如jwt的令牌等)来校验用户身份是关键
定义一个管理所有的channel组单例
import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */ public class NettyConfig { /** * 定义一个channel组,管理所有的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例 */ private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); /** * 存放用户与Chanel的对应信息,用于给指定用户发送消息 */ private static ConcurrentHashMapuserChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private NettyConfig() {} /** * 获取channel组 * @return */ public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() { return channelGroup; } /** * 获取用户channel map * @return */ public static ConcurrentHashMap getUserChannelMap(){ return userChannelMap; } }
继承Channel处理器并实现channelRead作为连接认证
众所周知 WebSocket不能自定义header,那怎么在header中加入token呢
查看js中websocket,发现
new WebSocket(url [protocols]);
websocket的子协议可以是一个数组,这个值无论在 HTTP 中也好、在 WebSocket 中也罢,都是前后端之间的“约定”,得两端都得遵守才行,那把用户认证信息放在数组中的第一个下标位置,后端就能正常拿到
曲线救国(不是
//这里用的飞书小程序 //websocket let socket = tt.connectSocket({ url: "ws://localhost:58080/webSocket", header:{}, protocols:[token], success() { console.log('Build WebSocketTask success'); }, fail(err) { console.error('Build WebSocketTask failed', err); } });
import com.feishu.estate.netty.nettypush.config.NettyConfig; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders; import io.netty.util.AttributeKey; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * FullHttpRequest */ @ChannelHandler.Sharable @Slf4j @Component @RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired)) public class AuthHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) { // 获取请求头中的身份验证令牌 FullHttpRequest request = (FullHttpRequest) msg; HttpHeaders headers = request.headers(); if (headers.size() < 1) { ctx.channel().close(); return; } String uid = headers.get("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"); log.debug("Authentication success. uid: {}", uid); // 将用户ID作为自定义属性加入到channel中,方便随时channel中获取用户ID AttributeKeykey = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid); // 关联channel NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel()); ctx.pipeline().remove(this); // 对事件进行传播,知道完成WebSocket连接。 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg); } else { ctx.channel().close(); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.channel().close(); } }
这里偷下懒,正常从header中拿到子协议之后,转成数组取第一个元素,可以自己做一些解析,如jwt令牌如下
/** * 从令牌中获取数据声明 * * @param token 令牌 * @return 数据声明 */ private Claims parseToken(String token) { return Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(secret) .parseClaimsJws(token) .getBody(); }
用来处理文本帧的处理器
在这里重写了handlerAdded,参照本文开始的说明,会第一个执行,然后执行第2步的校验,在测试的过程中发现一些h5无法在建立websocket链接时无法传递子协议,那么可以放在第一次消息发送中channelRead0处理。
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.feishu.estate.netty.nettypush.config.NettyConfig; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import io.netty.util.AttributeKey; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * TextWebSocketFrame类型, 表示一个文本帧 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */ @Component @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler{ private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); // 令牌秘钥 @Value("${token.secret}") private String secret; /** * 一旦连接,第一个被执行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerAdded 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 添加到channelGroup 通道组 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel()); } /** * 读取数据 */ @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { log.info("服务器收到消息:{}",msg.text()); // // 获取用户ID // JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text()); // String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid"); // // // 将用户ID作为自定义属性加入到channel中,方便随时channel中获取用户ID // AttributeKey key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); // ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid); // // // 关联channel // NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel()); // 回复消息 ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器连接成功!")); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerRemoved 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 删除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { log.info("异常:{}",cause.getMessage()); // 删除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); ctx.close(); } /** * 删除用户与channel的对应关系 * @param ctx */ private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){ AttributeKey key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get(); NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId); } }
本地测试的前端代码
Title
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent; /** * 若连续2次无读事件,则关闭这个客户端channel * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-08-21-16:14 */ public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private int lossConnectCount = 0; @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent){ IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt; if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE){ lossConnectCount ++; if (lossConnectCount > 2){ ctx.channel().close(); } } }else { super.userEventTriggered(ctx,evt); } } }
将上面的自定义实现的处理器都丢进去
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */ @Component public class NettyServer{ private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); /** * webSocket协议名 */ private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket"; /** * 端口号 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}") private int port; /** * webSocket路径 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}") private String webSocketPath; @Autowired private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler; @Autowired private AuthHandler authHandler; private EventLoopGroup bossGroup; private EventLoopGroup workGroup; /** * 启动 * @throws InterruptedException */ private void start() throws InterruptedException { bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); // bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp连接请求, workGroup负责与客户端之前的读写操作 bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup); // 设置NIO类型的channel bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); // 设置监听端口 bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port)); // 连接到达时会创建一个通道 bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { // 流水线管理通道中的处理程序(Handler),用来处理业务 // webSocket协议本身是基于http协议的,所以这边也要使用http编解码器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder()); // 以块的方式来写的处理器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); /* 说明: 1、http数据在传输过程中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator可以将多个段聚合 2、这就是为什么,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发送多次http请求 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192)); // 自定义的handler,处理身份验证 ch.pipeline().addLast(authHandler); //针对客户端,若10s内无读事件则触发心跳处理方法HeartBeatHandler#userEventTriggered ch.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(10 , 0 , 0)); //自定义空闲状态检测(自定义心跳检测handler) ch.pipeline().addLast(new HeartBeatHandler()); /* 说明: 1、对应webSocket,它的数据是以帧(frame)的形式传递 2、浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示请求的uri 3、核心功能是将http协议升级为ws协议,保持长连接 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10)); // 自定义的handler,处理业务逻辑 ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler); } }); // 配置完成,开始绑定server,通过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功 ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync(); log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress()); // 对关闭通道进行监听 channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } /** * 释放资源 * @throws InterruptedException */ @PreDestroy public void destroy() throws InterruptedException { if(bossGroup != null){ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } if(workGroup != null){ workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } } @PostConstruct() public void init() { //需要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server 服务器 new Thread(() -> { try { start(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } }
本文没有实现分布式的情况下如何处理消息发送,需要的同学可以参考文章的第一个链接
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-17:06 */ public interface PushService { /** * 推送给指定用户 * @param userId * @param msg */ void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg); /** * 推送给所有用户 * @param msg */ void pushMsgToAll(String msg); }
import com.feishu.estate.netty.nettypush.config.NettyConfig; import com.feishu.estate.netty.nettypush.constant.BaseConstant; import com.feishu.estate.netty.nettypush.pubsub.NettyPushMessageBody; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */ @Service public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService { // @Autowired // private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; @Override public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){ ConcurrentHashMapuserChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap(); Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId); if(!Objects.isNull(channel)){ // 如果该用户的客户端是与本服务器建立的channel,直接推送消息 channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); }else { // 发布,给其他服务器消费 // NettyPushMessageBody pushMessageBody = new NettyPushMessageBody(); // pushMessageBody.setUserId(userId); // pushMessageBody.setMessage(msg); // redisTemplate.convertAndSend(BaseConstant.PUSH_MESSAGE_TO_ONE,pushMessageBody); } } @Override public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){ // 发布,给其他服务器消费 // redisTemplate.convertAndSend(BaseConstant.PUSH_MESSAGE_TO_ALL,msg); NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); } }
ok,到此就大概完成了用netty搭建websocket