达梦产品手册
SELECT status$ as 状态 FROM v$instance;
SELECT banner as 版本信息 FROM v$version;
-- 使用 CREATE USER 语句创建 DM 用户,登录密码为 "dameng123"。 CREATE USER DM IDENTIFIED BY "dameng123";
-- 使用GRANT语句给DM用户授予RESOURCE角色 GRANT RESOURCE TO DM; -- 给 DM 用户授予 dmhr 用户下 employee 表的 select 权限; GRANT SELECT ON dmhr.employee TO DM; -- 给 DM 用户授予 dmhr 用户下 department 表的 select 权限; GRANT SELECT ON dmhr.department TO DM; -- 给 DM 用户授予 创建表的权限 GRANT CREATE TABLE to DM;
-- 通过字典表 dba_users 查看基本信息 SELECT username,account_status,created FROM dba_users WHERE username='DM';
从输出结果看出,用户状态 account_status 为 open,输出的时间为用户的创建时间。
-- 使用 conn 命令切换用户。 conn DM/dameng123;
注意:windows系统在DM管理工具中使用该命令无法完成用户切换,直接断开登录后重新连接,更换登录用户即可。
-- 使用 user 关键字返回当前登录用户。 SELECT user FROM DUAL;
-- 创建employee表 CREATE TABLE employee ( employee_id INTEGER, employee_name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL, hire_date DATE, salary INTEGER, department_id INTEGER NOT NULL ); -- 使用 CREATE TABLE 语句创建 department 表 CREATE TABLE department ( department_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, department_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL ); -- 非空约束 ALTER TABLE employee MODIFY( hire_date not null); -- 主键约束 ALTER TABLE employee ADD constraint pk_empid PRIMARY KEY(employee_id); -- 外键约束 ALTER TABLE employee ADD constraint fk_dept FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES department (department_id);
SELECT table_name, constraint_name, constraint_type FROM all_constraints WHERE owner='DM' AND table_name='EMPLOYEE';
ALTER TABLE "DM"."EMPLOYEE" add "IS_REPEAT" VARCHAR(255); COMMENT ON COLUMN "DM"."EMPLOYEE"."IS_REPEAT" IS '是否重复,1、是,0、否';
ALTER TABLE "DM"."EMPLOYEE" DROP COLUMN IS_REPEAT;
-- 插入数据 INSERT INTO department VALUES(666, '数据库产品中心'); INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9999, '王达梦','2008-05-30 00:00:00', 30000, 666); commit; -- 因为 employee 员工表和 department 部门表存在主外键约束,所以此示例中须按顺序执行插入语句,即先在 department 表中插入数据。 -- 更新数据 UPDATE employee SET salary='35000' WHERE employee_id=9999; commit; -- 验证数据 SELECT salary,employee_id FROM employee; -- 删除数据 DELETE FROM employee; DELETE FROM department WHERE department_id=666; commit; -- 验证数据 SELECT * FROM employee;
-- 在 t1 表中批量插入 100000 条数据记录。 CREATE TABLE t1 AS SELECT rownum AS id, trunc(dbms_random.value(0, 100)) AS random_id, dbms_random.string('x', 20) AS random_string FROM dual connect BY level <= 100000; -- 使用 COUNT(*) 聚集函数统计 t1 表中的总数据记录。 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t1; -- 使用 ORDER BY 语句实现选择排序。 SELECT * FROM t1 where rownum<5 ORDER BY id DESC;
-- 插入准备数据 INSERT INTO department (department_id, department_name) SELECT department_id, department_name FROM dmhr.department; INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, hire_date, salary, department_id) SELECT employee_id, employee_name, hire_date, salary, department_id FROM dmhr.employee; commit; SELECT dept.department_name as 部门, count(*) as 人数 FROM employee emp, department dept where emp.department_id=dept.department_id GROUP BY dept.department_name HAVING count(*) > 20;
-- 定义视图 CREATE OR replace VIEW v1 AS SELECT dept.department_name, emp.employee_name, emp.salary,emp.hire_date FROM employee emp, department dept WHERE salary > 10000 AND hire_date >= '2013-08-01' AND emp.department_id = dept.department_id; -- 通过视图简化查询 SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE hire_date > '2014-09-01';
-- 创建普通索引 CREATE INDEX ind_emp_salary ON employee(salary); SELECT table_name, index_name, index_type from user_indexes WHERE index_name='IND_EMP_SALARY'; -- 删除索引 DROP INDEX IND_EMP_SALARY;
-- 若该表存在则删除 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TEST_TEMP; -- 创建对应的表: -- 主键自增配置 IDENTITY(1, 1),CLUSTER PRIMARY KEY("ID") -- 自动创建时间 DEFAULT (CURDATE) CREATE TABLE "TEST_TEMP" ( "ID" INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL, "PROJECT_KEY" VARCHAR(100), "CREAT_TIME" DATE DEFAULT (CURDATE), CLUSTER PRIMARY KEY("ID")) STORAGE(ON "TEST", CLUSTERBTR) ;
-- 语法 SET IDENTITY_INSERT [<模式名>.]<表名> ON | OFF; -- 初始化数据,自增id赋值。需要指定列且IDENTITY_INSERT设置ON SET IDENTITY_INSERT SYSDBA.TEST_TEMP ON; INSERT INTO TEST_TEMP(ID,PROJECT_KEY,CREAT_TIME) VALUES (1, '测试项目', '2022-12-15 14:15:30'); -- 记得提交,否则无法真正的落库。 commit;
-- 自动生成日期,不带时分秒 "CREAT_TIME" DATE DEFAULT (CURDATE), -- 自动生成日期,带时分秒 "CREAT_TIME" TIMESTAMP DEFAULT (SYSDATE),
通过触发器脚本实现
create trigger UPDATE_TIME_CUSTOM_NAME before update on "DEV"."CUSTOM_NAME" for each row begin new.UPDATE_TIME:=sysdate; end;
解析
UPDATE_TIME_CUSTOM_NAME:触发名称
DEV: 模式名
CUSTOM_NAME:表名称
UPDATE_TIME:字段名称
– 字段配置,自动生成日期,带时分秒
“UPDATE_TIME” TIMESTAMP DEFAULT (SYSDATE),
-- SYSDBA为模式,TEST_TEMP 为表名称 -- 查询表字段情况,但不包含注释信息 select * from all_tab_columns where owner='SYSDBA' and Table_Name='TEST_TEMP'
-- 查询表字段的注释信息 select * from dba_col_comments where owner='SYSDBA' and Table_Name='TEST_TEMP'
-- 将SYSDBA模式的TEST_TEMP表中的UPDATE_TIME字段名称修改为CREATE_TIME ALTER TABLE "SYSDBA"."TEST_TEMP" RENAME COLUMN "UPDATE_TIME" TO "CREATE_TIME"; COMMENT ON COLUMN "SYSDBA"."TEST_TEMP"."CREATE_TIME" IS '数据创建时间';
-- 将SYSDBA模式的TEST_TEMP表中的CREATE_TIME 字段类型修改为TIMESTAMP DEFAULT SYSDATE ALTER TABLE "SYSDBA"."TEST_TEMP" MODIFY CREATE_TIME TIMESTAMP DEFAULT SYSDATE