PostgreSQL: File Browser 下载此文件即可(我会将安装包发布到CSDN中,进行下载即可)。
# (1)查看原有PostgreSQL的状态 service postgresql-12 status
# (2)将原有的PostgreSQL服务停止 service postgresql-12 stop
# (3)卸载所有的PostgreSQL(注意输入“y”即可) yum remove postgresql*
# (4)验证PosgreSQL是否被删除 rpm -qa | grep postgresql
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline-devel zlib-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel python-devel gcc-c++ openssl-devel cmake
我在“/usr/local”下创建了一个文件夹”pgsql“,如下图所示。
tar -zxvf postgresql-16.1.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/pgsql/postgresql
(1)假如提示这个错误的话,就是没有找到ICU库。
checking for icu-uc icu-i18n... no configure: error: ICU library not found If you have ICU already installed, see config.log for details on the failure. It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory. Use --without-icu to disable ICU support.
(2)输入“icu-config --version”查看是否安装此库。
(3)安装ICU库(输入“y”即可)。
sudo yum install libicu-devel
安装完成
(4)然后再次输入刚才的编译命令执行即可。
进入“cd /pgsql/postgresql”此目录下可以看到安装后的postgresql的文件:
# 删除原有的用户组 [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# userdel postgres [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# ls aclocal.m4 config config.log config.status configure configure.ac contrib COPYRIGHT doc GNUmakefile GNUmakefile.in HISTORY INSTALL Makefile meson.build meson_options.txt README src [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# groupadd postgres [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# useradd -g postgres postgres [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# passwd postgres #设置postgres用户密码为:Zskj@24123 [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql-16.1]# id postgres uid=1001(postgres) gid=1001(postgres) 组=1001(postgres)
[root@tssvr1-c1 local]# cd /pgsql/postgresql/ [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]# ls bin include lib share [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]# mkdir data [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]# chown postgres:postgres data [root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]# ls -al 总用量 20 drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 68 12月 20 09:31 . drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 12月 20 09:27 .. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 20 09:27 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 postgres postgres 6 12月 20 09:31 data drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 20 09:27 include drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 12月 20 09:27 lib drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 20 09:27 share [root@tssvr1-c1 pgsql]#
进入home/postgres目录可以看到.bash_profile文件。
[root@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]# cd /home/postgres/ [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# ls -al 总用量 16 drwx------. 6 postgres postgres 142 12月 19 17:31 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 56 12月 19 17:11 .. -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 159 12月 20 08:50 .bash_history -rw-r--r--. 1 postgres postgres 18 4月 1 2020 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 postgres postgres 273 12月 19 17:31 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 postgres postgres 231 4月 1 2020 .bashrc drwxrwxr-x. 3 postgres postgres 18 12月 19 17:21 .cache drwxrwxr-x. 3 postgres postgres 18 12月 19 17:21 .config drwxrwxr-x. 3 postgres postgres 19 12月 19 17:21 .local drwxr-xr-x. 4 postgres postgres 39 8月 1 11:34 .mozilla [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# vi .bash_profile
编辑修改.bash_profile文件(vi .bash_profile)。
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql/postgresql export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/postgresql/data PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$PGHOME/bin export PATH
保存,退出vi。执行以下命令,使环境变量生效
[root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# source .bash_profile
[root@tssvr1-c1 local]# chown -R postgres:postgres /pgsql [root@tssvr1-c1 local]# [root@tssvr1-c1 local]# [root@tssvr1-c1 local]# su - postgres 上一次登录:三 12月 20 10:22:13 CST 2023pts/0 上 [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ cd /pgsql/postgresql/ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 postgresql]$ initdb The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8" The default text search configuration will be set to "simple". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /pgsql/postgresql/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ...
可以看到 /pgsql/postgresql/data已经有文件了。
(1)修改/pgsql/postgresql/data目录下的两个文件。
postgresql.conf 配置PostgreSQL数据库服务器的相应的参数。
pg_hba.conf 配置对数据库的访问权限。
[postgres@tssvr1-c1 data]$ vi postgresql.conf listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all # (change requires restart) #port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
其中,参数“listen_addresses”表示监听的IP地址,默认是在localhost处监听,也就是127.0.0.1的ip地址上监听,只接受来自本机localhost的连接请求,这会让远程的主机无法登陆这台数据库,如果想从其他的机器上登陆这台数据库,需要把监听地址改为实际网络的地址,一种简单的方法是,将行开头的#去掉,把这个地址改为*,表示在本地的所有地址上监听。
把“license_addresses = '*'”放开即可。
(2)
[postgres@tssvr1-c1 data]$ vi pg_hba.conf
找到最下面这一行 ,这样局域网的人才能访问。红色为新添加内容。
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
如下图所示:
PostgreSQL的开机自启动脚本位于PostgreSQL源码目录的contrib/start-scripts路径下。
linux文件即为linux系统上的启动脚本
[postgres@tssvr1-c1 data]$ cd /usr/local/postgresql/postgresql-16.1/contrib/start-scripts/ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ ls freebsd linux macos [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ ll 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 1107 1107 1441 11月 7 06:04 freebsd -rw-r--r--. 1 1107 1107 3526 11月 7 06:04 linux drwxrwxrwx. 2 1107 1107 84 11月 7 06:17 macos [postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$
[postgres@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]$ exit 登出 [root@tssvr1-c1 local]# cd /usr/local/postgresql/postgresql-16.1/contrib/start-scripts/ [root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# chmod a+x linux [root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# ls freebsd linux macos [root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# [root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# ll 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 1107 1107 1441 11月 7 06:04 freebsd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1107 1107 3526 11月 7 06:04 linux drwxrwxrwx. 2 1107 1107 84 11月 7 06:17 macos
[root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# cp linux /etc/init.d/postgresql
修改/etc/init.d/postgresql文件的两个变量
prefix设置为postgresql的安装路径:/pgsql/postgresql
PGDATA设置为postgresql的数据目录路径:/pgsql/postgresql/data
[root@tssvr1-c1 start-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/ [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# ls functions netconsole network postgresql README [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# vi postgresql [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]#
[root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# chkconfig --add postgresql [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]#
查看开机自启动服务设置成功。
[root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# chkconfig 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关 postgresql 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关 [root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]#
[root@tssvr1-c1 init.d]# cd /etc/sysconfig/ [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# vi iptables [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]#
添加“-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 5432 -j ACCEPT”。若有则不用添加。
vi iptables [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart -bash: /etc/init.d/iptables: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# systemctl restart iptables [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# systemctl status iptables ● iptables.service - IPv4 firewall with iptables Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since 三 2023-12-20 15:03:15 CST; 13s ago Process: 14804 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/iptables/iptables.init start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 14804 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 12月 20 15:03:15 tssvr1-c1 systemd[1]: Starting IPv4 firewall with iptables... 12月 20 15:03:15 tssvr1-c1 iptables.init[14804]: iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ 确定 ] 12月 20 15:03:15 tssvr1-c1 systemd[1]: Started IPv4 firewall with iptables.
[root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# /sbin/iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:3000 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8060 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8848 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8090 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:48089 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5432 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.0 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:3000 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8060 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8848 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:8090 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:48089 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:5432
[root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# service postgresql start Starting PostgreSQL: ok
[root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# ps -ef | grep postgres postgres 17727 1 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 /pgsql/postgresql/bin/postgres -D /pgsql/postgresql/data postgres 17734 17727 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer postgres 17735 17727 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: background writer postgres 17737 17727 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: walwriter postgres 17738 17727 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher postgres 17739 17727 0 15:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logical replication launcher root 18365 22465 0 15:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres
[root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# su postgres [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ psql psql: error: connection to server on socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: 没有那个文件或目录 Is the server running locally and accepting connections on that socket? [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ exit exit [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# service postgresql status pg_ctl: no server running [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# service postgresql start Starting PostgreSQL: ok [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# [root@tssvr1-c1 postgres]# su postgres [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ psql psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# postgres=# postgres=# postgres=#
运行此命令使其生效:
source .bash_profile
source ~/.bashrc
创建数据库用户 postgres=# create user postgres password 'postgres'; CREATE ROLE 赋予账号权限 postgres=# ALTER ROLE pg SUPERUSER; ALTER ROLE 新建数据库 postgres=# create database pg; CREATE DATABASE 退出 postgres=# \q
修改“postgres”用户的密码为“xxx”,然后输入“\q”和“exit”退出,重新输入“”进入即可:
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';
[postgres@tssvr1-c1 ~]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres -h localhost psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+----------------------- postgres | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | template0 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres + | | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres + | | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres (3 rows) postgres=# postgres=#
连接“xx.xx.xx.xx”试试,若不行则启动psql服务即可。
[root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# service postgresql start Starting PostgreSQL: ok [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# su postgres [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres -h localhost psql: error: connection to server at "localhost" (::1), port 5432 failed: FATAL: the database system is starting up [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ psql psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# postgres=# postgres=# \q [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ eix bash: eix: 未找到命令... [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ exit exit [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# service postgresql status pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 27800) /pgsql/postgresql/bin/postgres "-D" "/pgsql/postgresql/data" [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# [root@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]# su postgres [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres -h localhost psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# postgres=# postgres=# postgres=# invalid command Try \? for help. postgres=# \q [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ [postgres@tssvr1-c1 sysconfig]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres -h 192.168.1.24 Password for user postgres: psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# postgres=#
这样就可以用Navicat进行连接数据库了。